The requirements list is not a checklist

Job postings are written by committees, approved by HR, and inflated over time. The fifteen requirements you are reading often represent a composite of every person who has ever held the role plus every skill the team wishes it had. No one candidate meets all of them. The hiring manager knows this.

That does not mean requirements are meaningless. Some of them are real dealbreakers. Some of them are genuinely optional. The work is figuring out which is which before you apply -- not discovering it mid-interview.

The question is not "do I meet all the requirements?" The question is "which ones matter and what am I working with?"

Core requirements versus nice-to-haves

Every job posting contains two kinds of requirements, even if they are not labeled that way.

Core requirements

The things a hiring manager would use to screen someone out. Usually in the first three to five bullets. Specific rather than vague. Often signaled by "must have," "required," or "essential."

Nice-to-haves

Things that would help you stand out but are not dealbreakers. Usually lower in the list. Signaled by "preferred," "a plus," or "familiarity with." Missing these rarely eliminates you.

If you meet the core requirements and are missing some of the supporting ones, applying is reasonable. If you are missing core requirements, you need a specific plan for how you address that -- not a hope that they will not notice.

Three situations and what to do in each

You meet the core requirements; missing some nice-to-haves.Apply. The gap is unlikely to eliminate you and your application should focus on the strength of your match on the things that matter.
You are missing one core requirement but strong on everything else.Apply, but be deliberate. Your application needs to proactively address the gap. Do not wait for the interview to bring it up. Make the case for your transferable experience in your cover letter and be prepared to defend it in the room.
You are missing multiple core requirements.Assess honestly. You can still apply, but you are asking the hiring manager to take significant things on faith. Before you do, make sure the rest of your background is strong enough that the case is still worth making. If not, consider whether a different role at the same company or a role at the next step down might be a better entry point.

How to make the case for transferable experience

Be specific about the transfer, not general. "I have transferable skills" is a claim. A real case sounds like: "I have not done X directly, but I spent three years doing Y, which required the same underlying capability in a different context. Here is a specific example of how I applied it."

The hiring manager needs to understand exactly what the bridge is, not take your word for it that one exists. The more concrete you are about the parallel, the more credible the transfer becomes.

If you cannot make the specific case in a cover letter, you probably cannot make it in an interview either. The cover letter is useful practice.

Prepare the answer for your gaps before you apply. If you are still figuring it out in the interview, you are not ready.